Equivalent of the -ing form.

Formation:

• in the 1st conjugation (verbs in -ar) the ending -ando: hablar - hablando
• in the 2nd conjugation (verbs in -er) the ending -iendo: vender - vendiendo
• in the 3rd conjugation -iendo: vivir - viviendo.

It expresses an action prior to that of the main clause. Most often it corresponds to the English form : having seen, etc.

Formation: habiendo + participio pasivo: habiendo hablado, habiendo vivido, habiendo vendido.