It's an equivalent of present simple. Formation:
Conjugation I (hablar):
| singular | plural | |
| 1 | hablo | hablamos |
| 2 | hablas | habláis |
| 3 | habla | hablan |
Conjugation II (vender):
| singular | plural | |
| 1 | vendo | vendemos |
| 2 | vendes | vendéis |
| 3 | vende | venden |
Conjugation III (vivir):
| singular | plural | |
| 1 | vivo | vivimos |
| 2 | vives | vivís |
| 3 | vive | viven |
The forms above are forms of regular verbs. One can divide all irregular verbs into 3 groups: 4 very frequent verbs which are very irregular (ser, haber, estar, ir), verbs having the irregular 1st person singular and verbs with a vowel exchange (e : ie, u : ue).
Ser (be):
| singular | plural | |
| 1 | soy | somos |
| 2 | eres | sois |
| 3 | es | son |
Haber (have):
| singular | plural | |
| 1 | he | hemos |
| 2 | has | habéis |
| 3 | ha | han |
Estar (be):
| singular | plural | |
| 1 | estoy | estamos |
| 2 | estás | estáis |
| 3 | está | están |
Ir (go):
| singular | plural | |
| 1 | voy | vamos |
| 2 | vas | vais |
| 3 | va | van |
Dar (give): doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan
Saber (know): sé, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabéis, saben
Tener (have): tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen (additionally change e : ie)
Venir (come): vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, venís, vienen (additionally change e : ie)
Hacer (do,make): hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen
Decir (say): digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen (additionally change e:i)
Also: salir (salgo), valer (valgo), poner (pongo), caer (caigo), traer (traigo), oír (oigo), asir (asgo), and caber (quepo).A lot of verbs have a vowel change, eg. poder (to be able). They change o into ue and e into ie in forms where the stress is on this vowel (it's all singular and 3rd person plural). In the 1st and 2nd person plural the vowel of the infinitive returns. Examples:
Poder (be able to, can):
| singular | plural | |
| 1 | puedo | podemos |
| 2 | puedes | podéis |
| 3 | puede | pueden |
Empezar (start):
| singular | plural | |
| 1 | empiezo | empezamos |
| 2 | empiezas | empezáis |
| 3 | empieza | empiezan |
A smaller group of verbs changes e to i in the same positions :
Pedir (ask):
| singular | plural | |
| 1 | pido | pedimos |
| 2 | pides | pedís |
| 3 | pide | piden |
In the following, we will practice forms of the 1st and 3rd person presente. Please note that the other forms are very regular: 2nd person (tú) is always formed by adding -s to 3rd person singular (exception: eres from ser) The 3rd person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes) is always formed by adding -n to the 3rd person singular (exception: son from ser).