Prepositions.
Prepositions govern a concrete case.
Most important prepositions:
Only with the genitive: do (to), od (from), dla (for), bez (without):
do Polski – to Poland, od domu – from the house, dla Roberta – for Robert, bez domu – without a house, u Roberta – at Robert's.
Jadę do Polski. Oddalam się od domu. Robię to dla Roberta. On jest bez domu. Jest u Roberta.
Only with the accusative: przez (by, through).
Zrobione przez Roberta – made by Robert.
Only with the dative: ku (towards) : ku domowi – towards the house.
Only with the locative : przy (at) : przy domu.
Prepositions
with the locative and the accusative:
1. with the locative they denote a place (main meaning), with the accusative – movement.
w – in, with acc. into : jest w Polsce , idzie w las (into the forest)
na – on : jest na miejscu (place), idzie na miejsce
2. different meanings:
o with locative : about : mówiłem o Polsce
o with accusative: for : walczę o Polskę (I fight for Poland)
po with locative – after : po czasie, po roku
po with accusative – for : po co ? for what ?
Prepositions
with the instrumental and the accusative:
with the instrumental they denote a place (main meaning), with the accusative – movement.
za – behind : jest za domem, idzie za dom
przed – before : jest przed domem, idzie przed dom
pod – under : jest pod domem, wchodzi pod dom
nad – over : jest nad ziemią, leci nad ziemię
między – among, between : jest między domami, idzie między domy
Preposition z :
z with the genetive - from : z Polski – from Poland
z with the instrumental – with : z Polską – with Poland
Less frequent prepositions:
with the dative : przeciw, przeciwko
with the genitive : mimo, obok, podczas, wśród
Table: Prepositions and cases
With the genitive:
| do | to | |
| z | from | |
| od | from | |
| u | at | |
| dla | for | |
| naprzeciwko | opposite | |
| wobec | opposite | |
| podczas | during | |
| według | to | |
| bez | without | |
| około | about | |
With the dative:
With the accusative:
| na | on | |
| o | for | |
| po | for | |
| przez | by, through | |
With the instrumental:
| za | behind | |
| z | with | |
| przed | before | |
| pod | under | |
| nad | over | |
| ponad | over | |
| między | between | |
With the locative:
| na | on | |
| o | about, at | |
| po | after | |
| przy | at | |
| w | in | |